The indisputable sign for Paul that Jesus’s work was sufficient and effective on the Galatians’ behalf is the Galatians’ reception of the Holy Spirit. When these Jews and gentiles responded with trust to the message Paul brought about Christ crucified, God manifested himself, pouring out the Holy Spirit upon them (Gal 3:1–5). This experience of the Holy Spirit is a common feature of the Pauline mission (see also 1 Cor 2:1–5 and Heb 2:1–4).10 Having experienced this divine power in their midst, the
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